Provides epidemiologic and in vivo imaging evidence that air pollution is associated with early PD-relevant pathology (alpha-synuclein) and cognitive decline, pointing to a modifiable environmental risk and the need for biomarker development and prevention strategies despite limited direct…

Identifies a heart–brain axis and actionable mechanisms (microtubule destabilization, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and proteinopathies) that point to potential therapeutic strategies and biomarkers such as microtubule stabilizers, antioxidant/vascular interventions, and cytoskeletal…

Because mitochondrial dysfunction, defective mitophagy, and iron dysregulation are central to Parkinson's pathogenesis, the review's focus on druggable NEET proteins and existing ligand chemistry (including pioglitazone off‑target engagement) provides a tangible translational path and repurposing…

Reveals a targetable metabolic–epigenetic axis (polyamine biosynthesis/SAM use) linking lysosomal dysfunction to neurotoxic inflammation with demonstrated pharmacologic rescue, creating clear translational and repurposing opportunities for Parkinson's therapeutic development.

Identifies O-GlcNAcylation as a druggable metabolic regulator of microglial inflammation with repurposing potential (glucosamine/OGA inhibitors) for neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory PD therapies, though validation in alpha‑synuclein models and human studies is still needed.

Highlights mechanistic, druggable targets and biomarker opportunities directly relevant to Parkinson’s disease—offering actionable paths for repurposing, neuroprotective interventions, and translational studies that bridge mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.

Repurposing an FDA-approved drug with demonstrated neuroprotective effects offers a comparatively fast translational path for PD therapeutics targeting inflammation, oxidative and ER stress, but concrete molecular mechanisms and clinical efficacy data are still limited.

Identifies 8-OHdG as a more promising biomarker for PD patient stratification and target‑engagement in trials and argues for standardized, multi-compartment and longitudinal biomarker studies to de-risk antioxidant-focused therapeutic development.

By linking redox imbalance, metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cytoskeletal collapse, the paper highlights a mechanistically plausible pathway that could reveal new therapeutic targets or biomarkers for Parkinson's if followed by experimental validation in relevant neuronal and glial models.

Highlights druggable deubiquitinating enzymes that can be targeted to restore proteostasis and mitochondrial quality control, providing actionable avenues for developing disease‑modifying Parkinson's therapies.

Highly relevant to Parkinson's therapeutic discovery because it consolidates actionable mitochondrial mechanisms and intervention strategies, highlights disease-stage and patient-heterogeneity issues, and therefore serves as a practical roadmap for prioritizing target-specific interventions and…

Offers a clinically translatable biomarker for patient stratification, progression monitoring, and trial endpoints—particularly for dementia‑first synucleinopathies—enabling better selection of participants and mechanism‑linked outcome measures in therapeutic development.

Shows a feasible, remotely supervised intervention that meaningfully boosts cardiopulmonary fitness and functional capacity in PD patients—valuable for symptomatic management and trial design—but provides limited mechanistic or disease-modifying therapeutic insights.

Highlights multiple disease-relevant and potentially druggable pathways (Nrf2, autophagy/lysosome, NLRP3, neurotrophic signaling, gut–brain axis) that could inform therapeutic discovery, while being limited by predominantly preventive preclinical data and heterogeneity that hinder immediate…

By highlighting actionable glial mechanisms that drive neuroinflammation and metabolic failure and surveying translatable interventions and delivery/biomarker challenges, the paper identifies promising, though still preclinical, avenues to target glia for disease-modifying Parkinson's therapies.

Emphasizes autophagy modulation and related anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms as promising translational avenues and flags specific gaps—target specificity, toxicity, standardization, and need for mechanistic and clinical validation—that are critical for prioritizing plant-derived leads for…

Provides a mechanistic, actionable route—dietary soft electrophiles that boost SPM/oxylipin biosynthesis—to resolve neuroinflammation linked to PD risk, making identifiable compounds and pathways ready for mammalian validation and therapeutic development.

By detailing clinically actionable BBB delivery platforms, safety considerations, and biomarker-directed approaches, the paper addresses a key translational bottleneck for Parkinson’s therapeutics—enabling targeted brain delivery of α-synuclein-targeting and neuroprotective agents that could…

Findings support short-term symptomatic benefit of structured exercise and suggest metabolic signals worth follow-up, but the study's small size, short duration and lack of mechanistic data limit its direct value for drug discovery or target identification.

By linking specific molecular drivers to metabolic deficits and assessing glycolysis-targeted and repurposing strategies, the paper highlights actionable therapeutic avenues with translational potential to slow Parkinson's disease progression.

Although AD-focused, the paper highlights mechanistic nodes (ER–mitochondria Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial integrity, lipid metabolism, ER stress) that are shared with Parkinson’s disease and therefore point to actionable targets and biomarkers relevant for PD therapeutic discovery.

Provides a mechanistically actionable target (WDR44–α-synuclein interaction) supported by in vivo and patient-derived data, enabling therapeutic strategies to block early aggregation and downstream lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

This work nominates a druggable target (FKBP5) and a repurposable compound that mechanistically drive remyelination as a novel neuroprotective strategy for PD with strong preclinical validation, offering translational leads despite being limited to toxin-based models and lacking human or…

This identifies a symptom-linked, medication-responsive electrophysiological biomarker and a frequency- and region-specific target for tuning invasive or noninvasive neuromodulation (e.g., DBS or closed-loop stimulation), improving translational precision for PD circuit-based therapies.

Provides preclinical, mitochondria-relevant evidence that a translational neuromodulation approach can deliver functional benefit and dopaminergic neuroprotection in a genetic PD model, supporting further mechanistic studies and clinical translation of CES as an adjunct therapy.