No study has assessed the association between intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and neurological disorders. We explored their causal relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR). Genome-wide association study summary data on IVDD and 18 common neurological disorders from European populations were included. Univariate Mendelian randomization and multivariate Mendelian randomization were used to investigate the causal relationship between the 2. Three analyses were applied: inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, with IVW as the primary analysis method. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran Q, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out, and MR-Steiger tests. IVW methods showed that IVDD was associated with an increased risk of all-cause stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.027-1.236, P = .012) and ischemic stroke (OR = 1.127, 95% CI = 1.021-1.243, P = .018), IVDD was associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson disease (OR = 0.696, 95% CI = 0.537-0.903, P = .006), and the association of IVDD with the other 15 neurological disease categories was not significant. Sensitivity analyses supported this result. Further multivariate Mendelian randomization similarly confirmed the causal relationship of IVDD with all-cause stroke (OR = 1.123, 95% CI = 1.005-1.255, P = .041), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.120, 95% CI = 1.013-1.238, P = .026), Parkinson disease (OR = 0.668, 95% CI = 0.530-0.842, P = .001). IVDD is associated with increased stroke risk and reduced Parkinson disease risk. This study advances understanding and may inform clinical approaches, though further research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms.