This review links dysregulated neuroinflammation and autophagy (via mTOR/AMPK, inflammasomes, chaperone-mediated autophagy and impaired clearance of α-synuclein) to neurodegeneration and surveys therapeutic strategies—mTOR inhibitors, autophagy enhancers, inflammasome modulators, gene/RNA editing,…

This narrative review (2020–2025) compiles preclinical and limited clinical evidence that rosemary and its main constituents (rosmarinic, carnosic, ursolic acids) exert antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, mitochondrial‑stabilizing, autophagy‑promoting and neurotransmitter‑modulating effects relevant to…

A large propensity-matched EHR study finds that systemic autoimmune diseases broadly increase cerebrovascular risk (TIA, ischemic stroke) and show a more variable, disease-dependent association with incident Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease; systemic corticosteroids had limited impact on…

The paper shows that astrocytic FABP5 is upregulated in MSA and, upon uptake of α-synuclein PFFs, drives TNFα-dependent inflammation and ferroptotic lipid peroxidation that depletes GPX3 and causes non-cell-autonomous oligodendrocyte death, while Fabp5 silencing rescues oligodendrocytes.

This integrated GWAS–metabolomics study shows Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease have distinct metabolic-genetic architectures, with PD-associated shared loci enriched for mitochondrial function, vesicle trafficking, and stress-response signaling while many causal metabolite links were seen for AD.

The paper presents SK-129, an oligoquinoline foldamer that preferentially binds neurotoxic α-synuclein oligomers, blocks α-synuclein (and α-synuclein–tau) aggregation and prion‑like spread, crosses the blood–brain barrier, and rescues pathology and survival across cellular, C. elegans, iPSC-derived…

This review synthesizes evidence that cytoskeletal disruption (microtubules, actin, tau, neurofilaments, and α-synuclein) is a shared driver of neurodegeneration and surveys therapeutic approaches—cytoskeletal stabilizers, enhanced clearance, gene therapy/CRISPR, and nanodelivery—along with…

Comprehensive review linking iron-driven lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and α-synuclein pathology as convergent mechanisms of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease and summarizing preclinical evidence that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis is neuroprotective.

The paper reports an Angiopep-2–decorated exosome–liposome hybrid that targets LRP-1, exhibits greater stability than exosomes alone, shows LRP-1–dependent uptake and lysosomal evasion in vitro, and crosses the barrier in zebrafish embryos.

This review proposes that combined vitamin D3 and vitamin A therapy could synergistically activate the VDR-RXR heterodimer to upregulate neuroprotective genes and reduce inflammation/oxidative stress, and calls for molecular-to-clinical validation.

Review argues that physiological or mildly elevated bilirubin can protect nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptotic actions and by modulating developmental pathways (Nrf2, microglial M2 polarization, Wnt/β-catenin, Shh).

This review compiles evidence that the TRPM2 Ca2+ channel modulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation across neurological models including Parkinson's disease, and that genetic or pharmacologic TRPM2 inhibition can reduce neuronal loss and glial reactivity though most studies use…

Comprehensive review of endocannabinoid system dysregulation and cannabinoid ligands as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective strategies across neurodegenerative diseases, outlining receptor-selective modulators, enzyme inhibitors, and novel ligand designs while emphasizing heterogeneous findings…

Review synthesizing evidence that PD involves not only dopaminergic loss but widespread dysregulation of noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems interlinked with alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation,…

Glimepiride treatment in collagenase-induced ICH mice improved neurological function and reduced edema, hematoma volume, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis via modulation of tight junction proteins, MMP-9, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis regulators.

This review synthesizes evidence that acupuncture may ameliorate Parkinson's disease by modulating multiple programmed cell death pathways (autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis) and their intersections with neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and…

A retrospective, propensity‑matched TriNetX cohort of 21,427 TBI patients on continuous statins versus matched nonusers reported higher 5‑year risks of vascular and non‑vascular dementia, stroke, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PD HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.34–1.98).

This review synthesizes evidence that hierarchical lysosomal repair pathways—ESCRT-mediated membrane resealing, lipid-centered recovery, lysophagy, and TFEB-driven lysosomal renewal—are central to neuronal resilience and are impaired in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases.

This review argues that lactate-driven protein lactylation links metabolism to epigenetic regulation in the brain, influencing synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation and implicating the lactate–lactylation axis in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.

Pilot multicenter randomized trial (n=80) comparing Mediterranean diet, structured physical activity, their combination, and standard care in people with Parkinson’s disease to assess intervention effects on the gut microbiome (16S vs third-generation sequencing) and associations with clinical…

This review evaluates antisense oligonucleotides targeting α-synuclein for Parkinson's disease and the potential of focused ultrasound–mediated blood–brain barrier opening to noninvasively deliver ASOs to deep brain regions, summarizing current data, gaps, and translational challenges.

Narrative review synthesizing molecular (clock genes, melatonin), neuropathological (SCN involvement, α-synuclein), animal and clinical evidence that circadian disruption contributes to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and summarizing interventions such as bright light therapy,…

Systematic review of cardiovascular safety across Parkinson's treatments reporting that levodopa, ergot-derived dopamine agonists, entacapone, and selegiline are associated with cardiotoxic effects (orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, valvular abnormalities) while safinamide, non-ergot agonists,…

This review compiles evidence that Pink1-mediated mitophagy is suppressed by aging and high-fat diet but enhanced by exercise, linking these effects to dopaminergic neuron loss, α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in Parkinson's disease.

This MRI study finds reduced glymphatic function (lower DTI-ALPS index) in both premanifest and manifest SCA3 patients that correlates with greater disability, longer disease duration (emerging after ~3 years), cortical and subcortical atrophy, and white-matter microstructural loss.