Dynamics of the Prevalence of Non-communicable Diseases in the Urban Double Cotonou - Abomey-Calavi (South of Benin).
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BACKGROUND: The on going demographic transition in African countries like Benin is promoting changes in lifestyle and intensifying the emergence of non communicable diseases (NCDs), a marker of the epidemiological transition. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to analyse the influence of demographic dynamics on NCDs in Cotonou and Abomey Calavi. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodological approach is based on documentary research and interviews with stakeholders. Technical and general documents were consulted throughout all phases of the research. In total, 58 semi structured interviews were conducted with medical practitioners identified through purposive sampling, as well as 761 questionnaires addressed to heads of households (409) and individuals diagnosed with NCDs (352). The sample size was determined according to the principle of empirical saturation and the Cochran formula. The prevalence of each pathology is obtained based on the variables provided in the survey questionnaires. The prevalence of a disease is the proportion of people affected by that disease observed at a given point in time. The analysis of multiple correspondence and multinomial logistic regression allowed for the assessment of interrelations and the contribution of variables to the prevalence of NCDs. RESULTS: The results show that the gender structure of the population in the pair shows a slight predominance of women. The indicators of youth and old age show a significant young population, still marked by gradual aging, but which bodes well for the prospects of a demographic dividend. Similarly, the results show that hypertension is the most prevalent condition at 48.1%, followed by diabetes (14.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (10%) and cancers (2.5%). Research into risk factors proves that age, gender, place of residence education level, size of siblings and household and marital status significantly influence the risk of NCDs. Thus, the probability of having an NCD increases with age. A higher level of education is associated with a lower risk of diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Married individuals or those in a monogamous partnership have a lower risk of hypertension, which could be related to better social support. Urban living is associated with a higher risk of hypertension and cancers, probably due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Similarly, physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of NCDs. A higher intake of fruits and vegetables is linked to a reduced risk of diabetes, whereas alcohol consumption is inversely associated. CONCLUSION: Demographic dynamics and lifestyle changes in the Cotonou-Abomey-Calavi urban area contribute significantly to the increase in non-communicable diseases, highlighting the need to strengthen prevention policies and promote healthy lifestyles.